The problem presents in the form of transporting a large quantity of ‘ hydrophobic’ material, i.e. Lipid accounts for much of the energy expenditure of the body. Lipoprotein serves as ‘ carrier’ or transport vehicles of lipids in blood plasma. Ý Structure of a lipoprotein (Diagram): (5).jpg Some peripheral proteins may be glycosylated. The apolipoproteins present in the shell may be peripheral or integral. These amphipathic compounds are oriented so that their polar portions are exposed on the surface of the lipoprotein, thus making the particle soluble in aqueous solution. Lipoproteins are composed of a neutral lipid core (containing triacylglycerol, cholesterol esters) surrounded by a shell of apolipoproteins, phospholipids and nonesterified cholesterol, which are amphipathic in nature. lipoproteins deliver the lipid components (cholesterol, triacylglycerol etc) to tissues for utilization. They function as transport vehicles for lipids in blood plasma i.e. They occur in cell membranes, myelin, plasma, lymph. The lipid-free proteins are designated as ‘apolipoproteins’ or ‘apo-proteins’. The lipid part is the prosthetic group and consists of triacylglycerols, phospholipids, cholesterol and its esters, and free fatty acids. Lipoproteins are spherical macromolecular complexes of lipids with specific proteins.
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